When it comes to elk hunting, understanding the differences between the two primary subspecies of North American elk—Roosevelt elk and Rocky Mountain elk—is crucial for success in the field. These majestic animals, both part of the Cervidae family, offer different challenges for hunters due to their distinct habitats, behaviors, and physical characteristics. Whether you’re a seasoned hunter or a newcomer, knowing the nuances of each species will help you make informed decisions and improve your chances of a successful hunt.
In this guide, we’ll break down the key differences between Roosevelt elk and Rocky Mountain elk, including their size, appearance, behavior, habitat preferences, hunting techniques, and more.
Key Differences: Roosevelt Elk vs Rocky Mountain Elk
1. Physical Characteristics
One of the easiest ways to distinguish between Roosevelt elk and Rocky Mountain elk is by their physical size and appearance.
- Roosevelt Elk:
- Size: Roosevelt elk are the largest of all the North American elk subspecies, with males (bulls) weighing between 700 and 1,100 pounds. Their larger size is an adaptation to the coastal forests and milder climate they inhabit.
- Antlers: Bull Roosevelt elk have impressive antlers, but they tend to have a broader, more rounded rack with fewer tines than their Rocky Mountain counterparts.
- Body Build: These elk have a stockier build, with shorter legs and a heavier, bulkier body compared to Rocky Mountain elk.
- Rocky Mountain Elk:
- Size: Rocky Mountain elk are slightly smaller than their coastal cousins, with males typically weighing between 500 and 800 pounds. However, bulls in certain areas can grow quite large.
- Antlers: Rocky Mountain bulls are known for their massive, tall antlers with more tines and greater symmetry. Their antlers often have more length and sharper points.
- Body Build: Rocky Mountain elk have a leaner, more athletic build with longer legs, which helps them navigate the rugged mountain terrain.
2. Habitat and Range
The natural habitat of these two elk subspecies is one of the primary factors that influence hunting strategies.
- Roosevelt Elk:
- Habitat: Roosevelt elk are found primarily along the Pacific Coast, from northern California to southern British Columbia. They inhabit dense, temperate rainforests, coastal forests, and the lower elevations of the Cascade Mountains.
- Terrain: These elk are adapted to relatively flat, forested areas with thick underbrush. They tend to avoid open plains and are found in areas with plenty of cover for protection.
- Rocky Mountain Elk:
- Habitat: As the name suggests, Rocky Mountain elk are most commonly found in the Rocky Mountains and surrounding regions. Their range extends across a vast area, including parts of the Rocky Mountains, from southern Canada down to New Mexico.
- Terrain: Rocky Mountain elk are comfortable in a variety of habitats, including high mountain meadows, open forests, and valleys. They are more adaptable to diverse terrain, ranging from dense forests at lower elevations to high-altitude ridges and alpine meadows.
3. Behavior and Temperament
Understanding the behavior and temperament of these elk subspecies is essential for hunters in order to adapt their strategies accordingly.
- Roosevelt Elk:
- Social Structure: Roosevelt elk tend to live in smaller herds than Rocky Mountain elk. Their herds are often composed of close-knit family groups. Bulls are generally more solitary or found in smaller bachelor groups outside of the rut (breeding season).
- Feeding Habits: These elk are primarily herbivores, feeding on grasses, shrubs, and herbs. They prefer the lush vegetation found in their coastal habitat.
- Temperament: Roosevelt elk can be somewhat elusive, and their preference for dense, thick forests can make them harder to track and hunt.
- Rocky Mountain Elk:
- Social Structure: Rocky Mountain elk are more likely to form larger herds, especially during the winter months when they gather in more open terrain. Bulls are often found with the herd during the rut, where they can exhibit more aggressive behavior.
- Feeding Habits: Rocky Mountain elk are opportunistic feeders and are often found grazing on grasses, forbs, and tree bark in the mountainous terrain. They are also known to feed at higher elevations during the summer and lower elevations during the winter.
- Temperament: Rocky Mountain elk are often more visible than Roosevelt elk because they tend to inhabit more open, rugged terrain. They are also more likely to be vocal, especially during the rut, where the bulls will bugle to assert dominance.
Hunting Strategies for Roosevelt Elk vs Rocky Mountain Elk
The hunting approach for Roosevelt and Rocky Mountain elk varies depending on their habitat and behavior. Here are some strategies specific to each subspecies:
Hunting Roosevelt Elk
- Early Morning and Late Evening: Roosevelt elk are typically more active during the early morning and late evening hours. Their preference for dense forests means you’ll need to hunt during low light conditions, as visibility can be limited.
- Calling: Since Roosevelt elk are more solitary, using calls can be effective but requires patience. Bulls are less likely to be attracted by calls unless they are in the midst of the rut.
- Spot and Stalk: Given their elusive nature, spot-and-stalk hunting is one of the most effective methods for Roosevelt elk. Look for areas with thick vegetation, such as near creek beds or dense forests, where these elk are likely to be feeding or resting.
- Camouflage: Use camo that blends in with the forested landscape. Thick underbrush and tall trees can make it difficult to get close to Roosevelt elk, so remaining hidden and silent is critical.
Hunting Rocky Mountain Elk
- Bugling and Calling: Rocky Mountain elk are much more vocal than Roosevelt elk, especially during the rut. Bugling is an essential technique for drawing in bulls, as it mimics the sound of a competing male. Use cow and bull calls to attract elk to your location.
- Glass and Spotting: Because Rocky Mountain elk often live in more open terrain, glassing from a high vantage point is an excellent method to spot elk at a distance. Look for them grazing in open meadows or along the edges of forests.
- Hiking and Elevation: Rocky Mountain elk are often found at higher elevations, especially during the summer months. Be prepared for a physically demanding hunt, as you may need to hike up steep mountain slopes to find elk.
- Tracking and Scouting: Rocky Mountain elk are more likely to leave tracks in open areas, which makes tracking easier. Focus your efforts in valleys or ridgelines where elk frequently move from one feeding area to another.
Trophy Hunting: Which One Should You Pursue?
Both Roosevelt elk and Rocky Mountain elk provide incredible opportunities for hunters, whether you’re chasing a trophy bull or simply looking to harvest meat for the freezer. However, there are key considerations when choosing which subspecies to pursue:
- Roosevelt Elk are typically considered the prize of the coastal forests. With their massive bodies and impressive antlers, they offer a unique challenge for hunters. If you prefer hunting in dense, forested environments and don’t mind a more physically demanding hunt due to the thick terrain, Roosevelt elk are a fantastic choice.
- Rocky Mountain Elk, on the other hand, are often seen as the quintessential elk of North America. They are more widely distributed, and their large, symmetrical antlers are highly sought after in the hunting community. If you’re after a more varied hunting experience in rugged mountainous terrain, Rocky Mountain elk are an excellent target.
Conclusion
Whether you’re chasing the Roosevelt elk in the dense coastal forests of the Pacific Northwest or stalking the majestic Rocky Mountain elk in the rugged highlands of the Rockies, both subspecies offer a unique and rewarding hunting experience. Understanding their physical traits, habitat preferences, and behaviors is essential for maximizing your success. By tailoring your strategies to the specific subspecies you’re hunting, you’ll be better equipped to take on these magnificent creatures and enjoy a successful hunt.
